The majority of the Magento stores around the globe have transitioned from the old version to the new one, i.e. Magento 2. Bulks of the companies hire magento developer online for the transition from Magento 1 to Magento 2. Although these businesses are aware of the new exciting features available on this ever-growing CMS, they might not know the technology stack working in the background. This article talks about the architecture, programming languages, frameworks, etc. involved behind the scenes. The knowledge of the technology stack goes a long way while upgrading the hardware or operating system as it might negatively or positively affect the functioning of Magento 2. Let us see the major elements of Magneto’s technology stack through this article.
Magento Architecture
The Magento architecture can be viewed from different perspectives as there are many stakeholders involved in developing a Magento store. The developer’s perspective is to understand the module’s architecture as he is supposed to either customize a module or create a new one from scratch. The developer is also required to see how the module fits into a larger scheme of things, i.e. with the framework and related components. On the other hand, the store owner is not bothered about the technical aspects of the architecture. He is more concerned about the functional aspects of the store. The business owner needs to view and understand the components from a higher-level perspective. He is apprehensive about the components impacting the user-interface and the look and feel of the store. The diagram given below highlights the key components and layers in the Magento architecture.
Although all components have a role to play in the functioning of Magento, the major elements of Magento stack are as follows-
1. Apache
Apache 2.2 or 2.4 is a key component of the Magento 2 architecture. More than 60 percent of the websites worldwide use Apache. It is one of the most popular HTTP web server. A Magento store needs Apache for functioning properly. The version of Apache can be checked by running the command “apache2 –v”. This command tells the current version of the Apache running in the system.
2. MySQL
Another key requirement for running a Magento store is a system for managing the database. MySQL is one of the world’s most renowned open-source databases for web apps. MNCs like Facebook, WordPress, and Google are relying on MySQL for years. Magento 2 provides support for MySQL 5.6.x and versions higher than that. MySQL ensures smooth conduction of transactions even if in high volume.
3. PHP
The majority of the Magento frameworks rely on PHP as a scripting language. PHP is a web development language known for its simplicity and elegance. The faster performance and minimal memory requirements make it the most favoured option of the Magento developers. Businesses hire magento developer in india and specifically tell them to use PHP as a scripting language due to the ease of customization. The presence of PHP in Magento abridges the coding efforts. Magento 2 needs the PHP version 5.6.x/ 7.0.2/ 7.0.6 for running its operations smoothly.
4. Nginx
Another foremost component of Magento 2 architecture is the reverse proxy server – Nginx. It can work with protocols like HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP, POP3, and IMAP. It is known for its superior performance and low memory requirements. It acts as a load balancer as well as an HTTP cache. It can handle multiple concurrent transactions maintaining high standards of performance.
5. Zend
It is an object-oriented framework based on PHP used for developing web apps. The open-source nature of Zend enhances its acceptability level amongst Magento developers. Magento 2 uses different frameworks for different things, but instead of using the framework directly, it relies on using its interfaces and adapters for calling components of Zend Framework. Magento 2 supports Zend Framework 2 for performing dependency injections and event management.
6. Composer
This is an inevitable part of the improved Magento architecture as it eradicates the requirement of an external code management tool for applications developed in PHP. It can introduce a package for managing the dependencies for PHP. One can manage, install and declare dependencies, ensuring the correct PHP stack throughout the system. Composer is an inseparable part of the Magento 2 technology stack.
7. Miscellaneous
Apart from the aforementioned components, there are other components involved in enhancing the visual impact of the store, like HTML5, CSS3, jQuery, RequireJS, etc. There are components used to accelerate the store, e.g. caches named Varnish, Redis, etc. There are search platforms like Solr used to provide powerful search options for your Magento store. Depending on the requirements, these components can be used as and when required.
Final Thoughts
There are major differences in technology stack while transitioning from Magento 1 to Magento 2. Companies hire magento developer online to take care of the upgrade to avoid any mishaps. However, the store owners should also be aware of the components involved in the Magento 2 architecture. This is essential even if you hire magento developer in india to avoid being hoodwinked into buying a component not necessary. This knowledge also ensures that one installs the perfect version of a specific component for the smooth conduction of the store operations.
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